What is the maximum tailwind component allowed for takeoff?

The maximum tailwind component allowed for takeoff is established to ensure safety and performance of the aircraft during the takeoff phase. A tailwind increases the ground speed of the aircraft during takeoff, which can lead to longer takeoff distances and potentially affect climb performance.

The limit of 10 knots is designed to provide a reasonable margin for various aircraft types to maintain control and achieve adequate lift. Exceeding this limit may compromise the aircraft's performance characteristics, requiring longer distances to reach takeoff speed, which could be critical in situations with reduced available runway length or unfavorable weather conditions.

The other options of 5 knots, 15 knots, and 20 knots do not align with the established guidelines for maximum tailwind components for takeoff in standard operating procedures. These values would either be too conservative or too permissive, potentially leading to safety risks. Thus, 10 knots is recognized as the maximum permitted for tailwind conditions during takeoff.